
%% bare_conf.tex 
%% V1.2
%% 2002/11/18
%% by Michael Shell
%% mshell@ece.gatech.edu
%% 
%% NOTE: This text file uses MS Windows line feed conventions. When (human)
%% reading this file on other platforms, you may have to use a text
%% editor that can handle lines terminated by the MS Windows line feed
%% characters (0x0D 0x0A).
%% 
%% This is a skeleton file demonstrating the use of IEEEtran.cls 
%% (requires IEEEtran.cls version 1.6b or later) with an IEEE conference paper.
%% 
%% Support sites:
%% http://www.ieee.org
%% and/or
%% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/IEEEtran/ 
%%
%% This code is offered as-is - no warranty - user assumes all risk.
%% Free to use, distribute and modify.

% *** Authors should verify (and, if needed, correct) their LaTeX system  ***
% *** with the testflow diagnostic prior to trusting their LaTeX platform ***
% *** with production work. IEEE's font choices can trigger bugs that do  ***
% *** not appear when using other class files.                            ***
% Testflow can be obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/IEEEtran/testflow


% Note that the a4paper option is mainly intended so that authors in
% countries using A4 can easily print to A4 and see how their papers will
% look in print. Authors are encouraged to use U.S. letter paper when 
% submitting to IEEE. Use the testflow package mentioned above to verify
% correct handling of both paper sizes by the author's LaTeX system.
%
% Also note that the "draftcls" or "draftclsnofoot", not "draft", option
% should be used if it is desired that the figures are to be displayed in
% draft mode.
%
% This paper can be formatted using the peerreviewca
% (instead of conference) mode.
\documentclass[conference,a4paper]{IEEEtran}
% If the IEEEtran.cls has not been installed into the LaTeX system files, 
% manually specify the path to it:
% \documentclass[conference]{../sty/IEEEtran} 


% some very useful LaTeX packages include:

%\usepackage{cite}      % Written by Donald Arseneau
                        % V1.6 and later of IEEEtran pre-defines the format
                        % of the cite.sty package \cite{} output to follow
                        % that of IEEE. Loading the cite package will
                        % result in citation numbers being automatically
                        % sorted and properly "ranged". i.e.,
                        % [1], [9], [2], [7], [5], [6]
                        % (without using cite.sty)
                        % will become:
                        % [1], [2], [5]--[7], [9] (using cite.sty)
                        % cite.sty's \cite will automatically add leading
                        % space, if needed. Use cite.sty's noadjust option
                        % (cite.sty V3.8 and later) if you want to turn this
                        % off. cite.sty is already installed on most LaTeX
                        % systems. The latest version can be obtained at:
                        % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/cite/

%\usepackage{graphicx}  % Written by David Carlisle and Sebastian Rahtz
                        % Required if you want graphics, photos, etc.
                        % graphicx.sty is already installed on most LaTeX
                        % systems. The latest version and documentation can
                        % be obtained at:
                        % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/
                        % Another good source of documentation is "Using
                        % Imported Graphics in LaTeX2e" by Keith Reckdahl
                        % which can be found as esplatex.ps and epslatex.pdf
                        % at: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/
% NOTE: for dual use with latex and pdflatex, instead load graphicx like:
%\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
%\usepackage{graphicx}
%\else
%\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
%\fi

% However, be warned that pdflatex will require graphics to be in PDF
% (not EPS) format and will preclude the use of PostScript based LaTeX
% packages such as psfrag.sty and pstricks.sty. IEEE conferences typically
% allow PDF graphics (and hence pdfLaTeX). However, IEEE journals do not
% (yet) allow image formats other than EPS or TIFF. Therefore, authors of
% journal papers should use traditional LaTeX with EPS graphics.
%
% The path(s) to the graphics files can also be declared: e.g.,
% \graphicspath{{../eps/}{../ps/}}
% if the graphics files are not located in the same directory as the
% .tex file. This can be done in each branch of the conditional above
% (after graphicx is loaded) to handle the EPS and PDF cases separately.
% In this way, full path information will not have to be specified in
% each \includegraphics command.
%
% Note that, when switching from latex to pdflatex and vice-versa, the new
% compiler will have to be run twice to clear some warnings.


%\usepackage{psfrag}    % Written by Craig Barratt, Michael C. Grant,
                        % and David Carlisle
                        % This package allows you to substitute LaTeX
                        % commands for text in imported EPS graphic files.
                        % In this way, LaTeX symbols can be placed into
                        % graphics that have been generated by other
                        % applications. You must use latex->dvips->ps2pdf
                        % workflow (not direct pdf output from pdflatex) if
                        % you wish to use this capability because it works
                        % via some PostScript tricks. Alternatively, the
                        % graphics could be processed as separate files via
                        % psfrag and dvips, then converted to PDF for
                        % inclusion in the main file which uses pdflatex.
                        % Docs are in "The PSfrag System" by Michael C. Grant
                        % and David Carlisle. There is also some information 
                        % about using psfrag in "Using Imported Graphics in
                        % LaTeX2e" by Keith Reckdahl which documents the
                        % graphicx package (see above). The psfrag package
                        % and documentation can be obtained at:
                        % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/psfrag/

%\usepackage{subfigure} % Written by Steven Douglas Cochran
                        % This package makes it easy to put subfigures
                        % in your figures. i.e., "figure 1a and 1b"
                        % Docs are in "Using Imported Graphics in LaTeX2e"
                        % by Keith Reckdahl which also documents the graphicx
                        % package (see above). subfigure.sty is already
                        % installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest version
                        % and documentation can be obtained at:
                        % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/subfigure/

%\usepackage{url}       % Written by Donald Arseneau
                        % Provides better support for handling and breaking
                        % URLs. url.sty is already installed on most LaTeX
                        % systems. The latest version can be obtained at:
                        % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/other/misc/
                        % Read the url.sty source comments for usage information.

%\usepackage{stfloats}  % Written by Sigitas Tolusis
                        % Gives LaTeX2e the ability to do double column
                        % floats at the bottom of the page as well as the top.
                        % (e.g., "\begin{figure*}[!b]" is not normally
                        % possible in LaTeX2e). This is an invasive package
                        % which rewrites many portions of the LaTeX2e output
                        % routines. It may not work with other packages that
                        % modify the LaTeX2e output routine and/or with other
                        % versions of LaTeX. The latest version and
                        % documentation can be obtained at:
                        % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/sttools/
                        % Documentation is contained in the stfloats.sty
                        % comments as well as in the presfull.pdf file.
                        % Do not use the stfloats baselinefloat ability as
                        % IEEE does not allow \baselineskip to stretch.
                        % Authors submitting work to the IEEE should note
                        % that IEEE rarely uses double column equations and
                        % that authors should try to avoid such use.
                        % Do not be tempted to use the cuted.sty or
                        % midfloat.sty package (by the same author) as IEEE
                        % does not format its papers in such ways.

%\usepackage{amsmath}   % From the American Mathematical Society
                        % A popular package that provides many helpful commands
                        % for dealing with mathematics. Note that the AMSmath
                        % package sets \interdisplaylinepenalty to 10000 thus
                        % preventing page breaks from occurring within multiline
                        % equations. Use:
%\interdisplaylinepenalty=2500
                        % after loading amsmath to restore such page breaks
                        % as IEEEtran.cls normally does. amsmath.sty is already
                        % installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest version
                        % and documentation can be obtained at:
                        % http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex/math/



% Other popular packages for formatting tables and equations include:

%\usepackage{array}
% Frank Mittelbach's and David Carlisle's array.sty which improves the
% LaTeX2e array and tabular environments to provide better appearances and
% additional user controls. array.sty is already installed on most systems.
% The latest version and documentation can be obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools/

% Mark Wooding's extremely powerful MDW tools, especially mdwmath.sty and
% mdwtab.sty which are used to format equations and tables, respectively.
% The MDWtools set is already installed on most LaTeX systems. The lastest
% version and documentation is available at:
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/mdwtools/


% V1.6 of IEEEtran contains the IEEEeqnarray family of commands that can
% be used to generate multiline equations as well as matrices, tables, etc.


% Also of notable interest:

% Scott Pakin's eqparbox package for creating (automatically sized) equal
% width boxes. Available:
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/eqparbox/



% Notes on hyperref:
% IEEEtran.cls attempts to be compliant with the hyperref package, written
% by Heiko Oberdiek and Sebastian Rahtz, which provides hyperlinks within
% a document as well as an index for PDF files (produced via pdflatex).
% However, it is a tad difficult to properly interface LaTeX classes and
% packages with this (necessarily) complex and invasive package. It is
% recommended that hyperref not be used for work that is to be submitted
% to the IEEE. Users who wish to use hyperref *must* ensure that their
% hyperref version is 6.72u or later *and* IEEEtran.cls is version 1.6b 
% or later. The latest version of hyperref can be obtained at:
%
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/hyperref/
%
% Also, be aware that cite.sty (as of version 3.9, 11/2001) and hyperref.sty
% (as of version 6.72t, 2002/07/25) do not work optimally together.
% To mediate the differences between these two packages, IEEEtran.cls, as
% of v1.6b, predefines a command that fools hyperref into thinking that
% the natbib package is being used - causing it not to modify the existing
% citation commands, and allowing cite.sty to operate as normal. However,
% as a result, citation numbers will not be hyperlinked. Another side effect
% of this approach is that the natbib.sty package will not properly load
% under IEEEtran.cls. However, current versions of natbib are not capable
% of compressing and sorting citation numbers in IEEE's style - so this
% should not be an issue. If, for some strange reason, the user wants to
% load natbib.sty under IEEEtran.cls, the following code must be placed
% before natbib.sty can be loaded:
%
% \makeatletter
% \let\NAT@parse\undefined
% \makeatother
%
% Hyperref should be loaded differently depending on whether pdflatex
% or traditional latex is being used:
%
%\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
%\usepackage[hypertex]{hyperref}
%\else
%\usepackage[pdftex,hypertexnames=false]{hyperref}
%\fi
%
% Pdflatex produces superior hyperref results and is the recommended
% compiler for such use.



% *** Do not adjust lengths that control margins, column widths, etc. ***
% *** Do not use packages that alter fonts (such as pslatex).         ***
% There should be no need to do such things with IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later.


% correct bad hyphenation here
\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor IEEEtran}
\IEEEoverridecommandlockouts


\begin{document}
% paper title
\title{Paper title}


% author names and affiliations
% use a multiple column layout for up to three different
% affiliations
\author{\authorblockN{Authors Name/s per 1st Affiliation}
\authorblockA{line 1: dept. name of organization\\
line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptable\\
line 3: City, Country\\
line 4: e-mail address if desired}
\and
\authorblockN{Homer Simpson and Barney Gumble}
\authorblockA{Studio 17\\
Twentieth Century Fox\\
Springfield, USA\\
Email: \{homer,barney\}@thesimpsons.com}}


% avoiding spaces at the end of the author lines is not a problem with
% conference papers because we don't use \thanks or \IEEEmembership


% for over three affiliations, or if they all won't fit within the width
% of the page, use this alternative format:
% 
%\author{\authorblockN{Michael Shell\authorrefmark{1},
%Homer Simpson\authorrefmark{2},
%James Kirk\authorrefmark{3}, 
%Montgomery Scott\authorrefmark{3} and
%Eldon Tyrell\authorrefmark{4}}
%\authorblockA{\authorrefmark{1}School of Electrical and Computer Engineering\\
%Georgia Institute of Technology,
%Atlanta, Georgia 30332--0250\\ Email: mshell@ece.gatech.edu}
%\authorblockA{\authorrefmark{2}Twentieth Century Fox, Springfield, USA\\
%Email: homer@thesimpsons.com}
%\authorblockA{\authorrefmark{3}Starfleet Academy, San Francisco, California 96678-2391\\
%Telephone: (800) 555--1212, Fax: (888) 555--1212}
%\authorblockA{\authorrefmark{4}Tyrell Inc., 123 Replicant Street, Los Angeles, California 90210--4321}}



% use only for invited papers
%\specialpapernotice{(Invited Paper)}

\pubid{978-1-4244-8657-1/11/\$26.00~\copyright2011 IEEE}

% make the title area
\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
This \LaTeX document is a ''live'' template. The various components of your paper 
(title, text, heads, etc.) are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions 
given in this document. 
\end{abstract}

% no keywords

% For peer review papers, you can put extra information on the cover
% page as needed:
% \begin{center} \bfseries EDICS Category: 3-BBND \end{center}
%
% for peerreview papers, inserts a page break and creates the second title.
% Will be ignored for other modes.
\IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle



\section{Introduction}
% no \PARstart
This template, modified in \LaTeX, provides authors with most of the formatting specifications needed 
for preparing electronic versions of their papers. All standard paper components have been specified for 
three reasons: (1) ease of use when formatting individual papers, (2) automatic compliance to electronic 
requirements that facilitate the concurrent or later production of electronic products, and (3) conformity 
of style throughout a conference proceedings. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are 
built-in; examples of the type styles are provided throughout this document. Some components, such as 
multi-leveled equations, graphics, and tables are not prescribed, although the various table text styles 
are provided. The formatter will need to create these components, incorporating the applicable criteria 
that follow.

\section{Ease of Use}

\subsection{Selecting a Template}
First, confirm that you have set the correct template for your paper size. This template has been tailored 
for output on the A4 paper size. If you are using US letter-sized paper, please refer to the comment in the 
\LaTeX source.

\subsection{Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications}
The template is used to format your paper and style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, 
and text fonts are prescribed; please do not alter them. You may note peculiarities. For example, the 
head margin in this template measures proportionately more than is customary. This measurement and others 
are deliberate, using specifications that anticipate your paper as one part of the entire proceedings, 
and not as an independent document. Please do not revise any of the current designations.

\section{Prepare your paper before styling}
Before you begin to format your paper, first write and save the content as a separate text file. Keep 
your text and graphic files separate until after the text has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard 
tabs, and limit use of hard returns to only one return at the end of a paragraph. Do not add any kind of 
pagination anywhere in the paper. Do not number text heads-the template will do that for you.\\

Finally, complete content and organizational editing before formatting. Please take note of the following 
items when proofreading spelling and grammar:

% needed in second column of first page if using \pubid
\pubidadjcol

\subsection{Abbreviations and Acronyms}
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been 
defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, sc, dc, and rms do not have to be 
defined. Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.

\subsection{Units}
\begin{itemize}
\item Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are encouraged.) English units may be used 
as secondary units (in parentheses). An exception would be the use of English units as identifiers in 
trade, such as ''3.5-inch disk drive''.

\item Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This 
often leads to confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, 
clearly state the units for each quantity that you use in an equation.

\item Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units: ''Wb/m2'' or ''webers per square meter'', 
not ''webers/m2''.  Spell out units when they appear in text: ''... a few henries'', not ''... a few H''.

\item Use a zero before decimal points: ''0.25'', not ''.25''. Use ''cm3'', not ''cc''.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Equations}
The equations are an exception to the prescribed specifications of this template. You will need to 
determine whether or not your equation should be typed using either the Times New Roman or the Symbol 
font (please no other font). To create multileveled equations, it may be necessary to treat the equation 
as a graphic and insert it into the text after your paper is styled.\\

Number equations consecutively. Equation numbers, within parentheses, are to position flush right, as in 
(1), using the according \LaTeX command. To make your equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), 
the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Italicize Roman symbols for quantities and variables, but not 
Greek symbols. Use a long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign. Punctuate equations with commas or 
periods when they are part of a sentence, as in
\begin{equation}
\alpha + \beta = \chi.
\end{equation}
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before or immediately following the equation. 
Use ''(1)'', not ''Eq. (1)'' or ''equation (1)'', except at the beginning of a sentence: 
''Equation (1) is ...''

\subsection{Some Common Mistakes}
\begin{itemize}
\item The word ''data'' is plural, not singular.

\item The subscript for the permeability of vacuum 0, and other common scientific constants, is zero with 
subscript formatting, not a lowercase letter ''o''.

\item In American English, commas, semi-/colons, periods, question and exclamation marks are located 
within quotation marks only when a complete thought or name is cited, such as a title or full quotation. 
When quotation marks are used, instead of a bold or italic typeface, to highlight a word or phrase, 
punctuation should appear outside of the quotation marks. A parenthetical phrase or statement at the end 
of a sentence is punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is 
punctuated within the parentheses.)

\item A graph within a graph is an ''inset'', not an ''insert''. The word alternatively is preferred to 
the word ''alternately'' (unless you really mean something that alternates).

\item Do not use the word ''essentially'' to mean ''approximately'' or ''effectively''.

\item In your paper title, if the words ''that uses'' can accurately replace the word ''using'', 
capitalize the ''u''; if not, keep using lower-cased.

\item Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones ''affect'' and ''effect'', ''complement'' and 
''compliment'', ''discreet'' and ''discrete'', ''principal'' and ''principle''.

\item Do not confuse ''imply'' and ''infer''.

\item The prefix ''non'' is not a word; it should be joined to the word it modifies, usually without a 
hyphen.

\item There is no period after the ''et'' in the Latin abbreviation ''et al.''.

\item The abbreviation ''i.e.'' means ''that is'', and the abbreviation ''e.g.'' means ''for example''.
\end{itemize}

\section{Using the template}
After the text edit has been completed, the paper is ready for the template. Use the naming convention 
prescribed by your conference for the name of your paper. In this template file and import your prepared 
text file. 

\subsection{Authors and Affiliations}
The template is designed so that author affiliations are not repeated each time for multiple authors of 
the same affiliation. Please keep your affiliations as succinct as possible (for example, do not 
differentiate among departments of the same organization). This template was designed for two affiliations.

\subsection{Figures and Tables}
\LaTeX tries to place figures and tables at the top and bottom of columns and to avoid placing them in the 
middle of columns. Large figures and tables may span across both columns. Please refer to the comments in 
the \LaTeX source for further information.\\
Figure captions should be below the figures; table heads should appear above the tables. Insert figures 
and tables after they are cited in the text. Use the abbreviation ''Fig. 1'', even at the beginning of a 
sentence.\\

Use words rather than symbols or abbreviations when writing Figure axis labels to avoid confusing the 
reader. As an example, write the quantity ''Magnetization'', or ''Magnetization, M'', not just ''M''. If 
including units in the label, present them within parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. In the 
example, write ''Magnetization (A/m)'' or ''Magnetization \{A[m(1)]\}'', not just ''A/m''. Do not label 
axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write ''Temperature (K)'', not ''Temperature/K''.

% Reminder: the "draftcls" or "draftclsnofoot", not "draft", class option
% should be used if it is desired that the figures are to be displayed while
% in draft mode.

% An example of a floating figure using the graphicx package.
% Note that \label must occur AFTER (or within) \caption.
% For figures, \caption should occur after the \includegraphics.
%
%\begin{figure}
%\centering
%\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{myfigure}
% where an .eps filename suffix will be assumed under latex, 
% and a .pdf suffix will be assumed for pdflatex
%\caption{Simulation Results}
%\label{fig_sim}
%\end{figure}


% An example of a double column floating figure using two subfigures.
%(The subfigure.sty package must be loaded for this to work.)
% The subfigure \label commands are set within each subfigure command, the
% \label for the overall fgure must come after \caption.
% \hfil must be used as a separator to get equal spacing
%
%\begin{figure*}
%\centerline{\subfigure[Case I]{\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{subfigcase1}
% where an .eps filename suffix will be assumed under latex, 
% and a .pdf suffix will be assumed for pdflatex
%\label{fig_first_case}}
%\hfil
%\subfigure[Case II]{\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{subfigcase2}
% where an .eps filename suffix will be assumed under latex, 
% and a .pdf suffix will be assumed for pdflatex
%\label{fig_second_case}}}
%\caption{Simulation results}
%\label{fig_sim}
%\end{figure*}


% An example of a floating table. Note that, for IEEE style tables, the 
% \caption command should come BEFORE the table. Table text will default to
% \footnotesize as IEEE normally uses this smaller font for tables.
% The \label must come after \caption as always.
%
%\begin{table}
%% increase table row spacing, adjust to taste
%\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
%\caption{An Example of a Table}
%\label{table_example}
%\begin{center}
%% Some packages, such as MDW tools, offer better commands for making tables
%% than the plain LaTeX2e tabular which is used here.
%\begin{tabular}{|c||c|}
%\hline
%One & Two\\
%\hline
%Three & Four\\
%\hline
%\end{tabular}
%\end{center}
%\end{table}

% conference papers do not normally have an appendix

% use section* for acknowledgement
\section*{Acknowledgment}
% optional entry into table of contents (if used)
%\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Acknowledgment}
The preferred spelling of the word ''acknowledgment'' in America is without an ''e'' after the ''g''. 
Avoid the stilted expression, ''One of us (R. B. G.) thanks ...''  Instead, try ''R. B. G. thanks''. 





% trigger a \newpage just before the given reference
% number - used to balance the columns on the last page
% adjust value as needed - may need to be readjusted if
% the document is modified later
%\IEEEtriggeratref{8}
% The "triggered" command can be changed if desired:
%\IEEEtriggercmd{\enlargethispage{-5in}}

% references section
% NOTE: BibTeX documentation can be easily obtained at:
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/

% can use a bibliography generated by BibTeX as a .bbl file
% standard IEEE bibliography style from:
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/IEEEtran/bibtex
%\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran.bst}
% argument is your BibTeX string definitions and bibliography database(s)
%\bibliography{IEEEabrv,../bib/paper}
%
% <OR> manually copy in the resultant .bbl file
% set second argument of \begin to the number of references
% (used to reserve space for the reference number labels box)
\begin{thebibliography}{1}

\bibitem{template:simpson}
H. Simpson, ''Title of Journal Paper'', Journal Name, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1989, pp. 200-202
\bibitem{template:gumble}
B. Gumble, ''Title of Conference Paper'', In: Proceedings of XYZ Conference, 2001, pp. 103-105
\bibitem{template:Young}
M. Young, The Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.

\end{thebibliography}


% that's all folks
\end{document}


